Epirubicin - CAS 56420-45-2

Epirubicin - CAS 56420-45-2 Catalog number: BADC-00801

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Epirubicin, a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, is an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. It is clinically active against a broad range of tumor types, including breast cancer, malignant lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas, lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic carcinoma, transitional bladder carcinoma and so on.

Category
ADCs Cytotoxin
Product Name
Epirubicin
CAS
56420-45-2
Catalog Number
BADC-00801
Molecular Formula
C27H29NO11
Molecular Weight
543.52
Epirubicin

Ordering Information

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BADC-00801 -- $--
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Description
Epirubicin, a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, is an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. It is clinically active against a broad range of tumor types, including breast cancer, malignant lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas, lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic carcinoma, transitional bladder carcinoma and so on.
Synonyms
Pharmorubicin; Ellence; Epiadriamycin; Epidoxorubicin; 4'-Epiadriamycin; Epirubicine; Pidorubicine; NSC 256942; (8S,10S)-10-[(3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione; (8S-cis)-4'-Epidoxorubicin; (1S,3S)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-arabino-hexopyranoside
IUPAC Name
(7S,9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5R,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
Canonical SMILES
CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C(C4=C(C(=C23)O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C=CC=C5OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C27H29NO11/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22-,27-/m0/s1
InChIKey
AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N
Density
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Solubility
Soluble in Methanol (Slightly, Heated), Water (Slightly)
Melting Point
344.53 °C
LogP
-0.5
Vapor Pressure
2.50X10-23 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
Mechanism Of Action
Epirubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity. It inhibits nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Epirubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes. It also interferes with DNA replication and transcription by inhibiting DNA helicase activity.
Pharmacology
Epirubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class. General properties of drugs in this class include: interaction with DNA in a variety of different ways including intercalation (squeezing between the base pairs), DNA strand breakage and inhibition with the enzyme topoisomerase II. Most of these compounds have been isolated from natural sources and antibiotics. However, they lack the specificity of the antimicrobial antibiotics and thus produce significant toxicity. The anthracyclines are among the most important antitumor drugs available. Doxorubicin is widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors while daunorubicin and idarubicin are used exclusively for the treatment of leukemia. Epirubicin may also inhibit polymerase activity, affect regulation of gene expression, and produce free radical damage to DNA. Epirubicin possesses an antitumor effect against a wide spectrum of tumors, either grafted or spontaneous. The anthracyclines are cell cycle-nonspecific.
Toxicity (LD50)
Instances of administration of doses higher than recommended have been reported at doses ranging from 150 to 250 mg/sq m. The observed adverse events in these patients were qualitatively similar to known toxicities of epirubicin. Most of the patients recovered with appropriate supportive care. Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has been reported in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines, including epirubicin. Cardiac toxicity, including fatal congestive heart failure (CHF), may occur either during therapy with epirubicin or months to years after termination of therapy. Epirubicin was clastogenic in vitro (chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes) both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.
In Vitro
The cytotoxicity of epirubicin, LAK, and LAK + epirubicin (1/10 of IC50) was evaluated in 400-fold epirubicin resistant MCF-7 EPI(R) (P-glycoprotein overexpressing) and drug-sensitive MCF-7 WT cells. IC50 values were measured using the MTT cytotoxicity test. The MCF-7 EPI(R) cells exhibited an increased susceptibility to LAK cells than did the MCF-7 WT cells. P-gp+ MCF-7 EPI(R) cells were lysed by human LAK cells to a greater extend than were their drug-sensitive counterparts. LAK + epirubicin combined treatment increased susceptibility of MCF-7 WT and MCF-7 EPI(R) cells to LAK cells cytotoxicity. For both cell lines, cytotoxicity was dependent upon the concentration of the epirubicin and effector cell/target cell (E/T) ratio. The resistance of MCF-7 EPI(R) cells to epirubicin appears to be associated with a developed tolerance to superoxide, most likely because of a tree-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and 13-fold augmented selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity.
In Vivo
Epirubicin is an antineoplastic agent of anthracycline antibiotic, used for treating a variety of tumor types such as lymphoma, cancer of the breast, lung, ovary and stomach. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the significantly uptake of 99mTc-epirubicin in the tumor, and also indicating the efficiency of 99mTc-epirubicin as a tumor diagnostic agent.
Clinical Trial Information
NCT NumberCondition Or DiseasePhaseStart DateSponsorStatus
NCT04947059Bladder CancerPhase 32021-07-08University of ThessalyNot yet recruiting
NCT00689156Breast NeoplasmsPhase 32018-04-05Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative GroupCompleted
NCT00617370Breast CancerNot Applicable2015-12-23Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterCompleted
NCT05084586Bladder CancerNot Applicable2021-10-20Ankara Training and Research HospitalNot yet recruiting
NCT04138719Breast CancerPhase 22019-11-12Hebei Medical University Fourth HospitalUnknown Verified November 2019 by Cuizhi GENG, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital. Recruitment status was Recruiting
Appearance
Red Solid
Purity
>98%
Shelf Life
> 2years.
Shipping
Room temperature
Storage
Store at -20°C under inert atmosphere
Pictograms
Irritant
Signal Word
Warning
Boiling Point
810.3±65.0°C at 760 mmHg
1.Infusion site adverse events in breast cancer patients receiving highly emetic chemotherapy with prophylactic anti-emetic treatment with aprepitant and fosaprepitant: A retrospective comparison.
Tsuda T1, Kyomori C2, Mizukami T1, Taniyama T1, Izawa N1, Horie Y1, Hirakawa M1, Ogura T1, Nakajima TE1, Tsugawa K3, Boku N1. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016 Apr;4(4):603-606. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
The incidences of infusion site adverse events in chemotherapy regimens, including anthracyclines with either fosaprepitant or aprepitant as the anti-emetic, were not highlighted in the randomized trial comparing aprepitant and fosaprepitant. The present retrospective analysis was performed in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, a combination of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide with or without 5-fluorouracil as the adjuvant or neoadjuvant, at the outpatient infusion center of St. Marianna University Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan). Infusion site adverse events were retrospectively compared between the 3 months prior to and three months following switching from 3 day oral administration of aprepitant to intravenous infusion of fosaprepitant. A total of 62 patients were included in the aprepitant group and 38 in the fosaprepitant group. Of these patients, 26 (42%) in the aprepitant group and 36 patients (96%) in the fosaprepitant group experienced any grade of infusion site adverse events at least once (P<0.
2.An eco-friendly stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of two anticancer stereoisomer drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations following micellar enhancement: Application to kinetic degradation studies.
El-Kimary EI1, El-Yazbi AF2. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2016 Mar 23;163:145-153. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.03.034. [Epub ahead of print]
A new rapid and highly sensitive stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of two stereoisomers anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and epirubicin (EPI) in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations. The fluorescence spectral behavior of DOX and EPI in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar system was investigated. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of DOX and EPI in an aqueous solution of phosphate buffer pH4.0 and in the presence of SDS was greatly (about two fold) enhanced and the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement effect of SDS on DOX was also investigated. The fluorescence intensity of DOX or EPI was measured at 553nm after excitation at 497nm. The plots of fluorescence intensity versus concentration were rectilinear over a range of 0.03-2μg/mL for both DOX and EPI with good correlation coefficient (r>0.999). High sensitivity to DOX and EPI was attained using the proposed method with limits of detection of 10 and 9ng/mL and limits of quantitation of 29 and 28ng/mL, for DOX and EPI, respectively.
3.Short term quality of life with epirubicin-fluorouracil-cyclophosphamid (FEC) and sequential epirubicin/cyclophosphamid-docetaxel (EC-DOC) chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer - Results from the prospective multi-center randomized ADEBAR trial.
Schwentner L1, Harbeck N2, Singer S3, Eichler M3, Rack B4, Forstbauer H5, Wischnik A6, Scholz C7, Huober J7, Friedl TW7, Weissenbacher T4, Härtl K8, Kiechle M9, Janni W7, Fink V7. Breast. 2016 Apr 4;27:69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.03.003. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The recommendation for adjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy in high risk primary breast cancer is heterogeneous among guidelines. Understanding the impact on QoL is thereby a crucial factor, especially if the benefit is potentially low. This study aims to assess QoL as a secondary outcome in the prospective randomized multi-center ADEBAR trial.
4.Adjuvant Dose-Dense Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Standard of Care in High-Risk Patients.
Möbus V1. Breast Care (Basel). 2016 Feb;11(1):8-12. doi: 10.1159/000444004. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
Meta-analyses persistently confirm the superiority of dose-dense chemotherapy in comparison with standard chemotherapy. In contrast, individual studies have shown conflicting results. These may be explained by different risk profiles of the treated patient populations. Some trials show a significant advantage in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative population only, whereas trials with high-risk populations like GIM-2 (Gruppo Italiano Mammella) and AGO-iddETC (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, intense dose-dense epirubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide) show a significant superiority in DFS and OS for both, ER-negative and ER-positive patients even after 7 and 10 years, respectively, of follow-up. In contrast, the 10-year follow-up data of the E1199/Intergroup trial no longer showed any superiority of weekly paclitaxel for ER-positive/HER2-negative patients; superiority was observed in the triple-negative subgroup only.
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