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Microtubule/Tubulin
| Catalog | Product Name | CAS Number |
|---|---|---|
| BADC-00357 | Ansamitocin P-3 | 66584-72-3 |
| It is produced by the strain of Nocardia sp. C-15003(N-1). It has the function of anti-tumor, anti-plant pathogenic fungi, skin fungi and protozoa, and has no antibacterial activity. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00687 | N-Me-L-Ala-maytansinol | 77668-69-0 |
| N-Me-L-Ala-maytansinol is a hydrophobic, cell permeable payload used in the preparation of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00339 | DM3 | 796073-54-6 |
| DM3 is a cytotoxic agent. It is used as the cytotoxic component in antibody-drug conjugates. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00347 | DM4 | 796073-69-3 |
| DM4 is an anti-tubulin agent that inhibits cell division. DM4 can be used to prepare antibody-drug conjugates. DM4 binds to tubulin at the maytansine-binding site, disrupting microtubule assembly/disa... | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00086 | Mertansine | 139504-50-0 |
| Mertansine, the cytotoxic component in antibody-drug conjugates, is attached to a monoclonal antibody through reaction of the thiol group with the SPP (N-succinimidyl 4-(2-pyridyldithio)) linker or SM... | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00040 | Dolastatin 10 | 110417-88-4 |
| Dolastatin 10 is a potent antimitotic peptide from a marine animal, strongly inhibits microtubule assembly. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00324 | MMAE | 474645-27-7 |
| Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE) is a synthetic analog of dolastatin 10 that similarly inhibits tubulin polymerization and exhibits potent cytotoxicity. It is commonly conjugated with monoclonal antibod... | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00184 | Tubulysin A | 205304-86-5 |
| Tubulysin A is a novel antibiotic, which exhibits anti-microtubule, anti-mitotic, apoptosis inducer, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, and antiproliferative activity. Tubulysins show very high cytotoxic ac... | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00004 | Colchicine | 64-86-8 |
| Colchicine, a toxic plant-derived alkaloid extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum, inhibits microtubule polymerization (IC50 = 3.2 μM). It inhibits the growth of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cel... | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00325 | Paclitaxel | 33069-62-4 |
| Paclitaxel is a compound with anti-tumor activity extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel is a microtubule polymer stabilizer with IC50 of 0.1 pM in human endothelial cells. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00190 | 10-Deacetyl-7-xylosyl Paclitaxel | 90332-63-1 |
| 10-Deacetyl-7-xylosyl paclitaxel is a Paclitaxel derivative with improved pharmacological features and higher water solubility. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00087 | Maytansinoid DM4 | 799840-96-3 |
| DM4 is a cytotoxic agent. It is used as the cytotoxic component in antibody-drug conjugates. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00635 | MMAE-[d8] | 2070009-72-0 |
| MMAE-[d8] is a labelled analogue of MMAE, which is a potent mitotic inhibitor and a tubulin inhibitor. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00717 | Boc-Val-Dil-Dap-Doe | 135383-62-9 |
| Boc-Val-Dil-Dap-Doe is a compound used to synthesize Dolastatin 10. Dolastatin 10 is a potent cytotoxin and involves inhibition of tubulin polymerization, tubulin-dependent guanosine triphosphate hydr... | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00843 | D8-MMAD | |
| D8-MMAD is a deuterated form of MMAD, which is a microtubule disrupting agent. | Inquiry | |
| BADC-00844 | D8-MMAF hydrochloride | |
| D8-MMAF hydrochloride is a deuterated form of MMAF hydrochloride, which is a microtubule disrupting agent. | Inquiry |
BOC Sciences is expertized in small molecule drug development and has developed a variety of ADCs targeting microtubule/tubulin drugs.
Microtubules are 25 nm diameter tube-shaped protein polymers assembled from α- and β-tubulin heterodimers. The majority of regulatory proteins bind to tubulin and the surfaces and ends of microtubules that control the organization, dynamics, and functions of the microtubules. Tubulin/microtubule assembly and disassembly are among the chief processes during cell growth and division. Hence drugs that perturb this process are considered to be effective in killing fast multiplying cancer cells. A potential valuable strategy would be to use core microtubule-targeted drugs along with novel targeted drug therapies as they are developed, where the antitumor activity of a targeted drug can be combined with the power of low dose microtubule-targeted therapy. Such combined therapies aim to achieve high efficacy, low toxicity, and reduced emergence of drug resistance.
Microtubule/Tubulin Characteristics
Microtubules and tubulin are the targets of many commercially available drugs and investigating drugs for cancer treatment. Microtubules display non-equilibrium polymerization dynamics crucial to cellular functions, especially during mitosis when the duplicated chromosomes must be accurately distributed to the daughter cells. Chromosome movements with timely precisive distribution require rapid microtubule dynamics, and this made mitosis exquisitely sensitive to microtubule-targeted drugs. The antimitotic drugs useful for cancer treatment exert their powerful effects on spindle microtubule dynamics by mimicking the actions of natural regulatory molecules. Recent evidence indicates that the critical clinically used antimitotic drugs and many of those under development inhibit mitosis at low concentrations by binding in small numbers to the ends or surfaces of mitotic spindle microtubules and suppressing their dynamics by a variety of distinct mechanisms.
Microtubule/Tubulin Inhibitor
Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are essential chemotherapeutic drugs used to combat many types of cancer. Mechanistically, MTA action derives from their ability to alter microtubule dynamics and/or regulatory mechanisms controlling microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based transport, which can, in turn, lead to tumor cell death via cell cycle arrest. The most important actions of these drugs are the suppression of spindle microtubule dynamics, not the change in polymer mass. Suppression of spindle microtubule dynamics causes a slowing or complete block of mitosis at the metaphase to anaphase checkpoint, leading to apoptotic cell death. The two most widely used mitosis inhibitors for ADC development are based on Auristatin or Maytansinoids. The two types of payloads represent effective inhibitors of microtubule assembly, which bind to tubulin near the vinblastine binding site, causing G2/M cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis. Since tumor cells divide faster than most normal cells, antimitotic drugs are particularly effective on cancer cells. Due to this inherent selectivity, highly effective tubulin inhibitors, such as Maytansine (DM1 and DM4) and Auristatin (MMAE and MMAF), have been successfully used as clinically approved ADC drugs (brentuximab vedotin and trastuzumab emtansine). Auristatin and Maytansinoid are also the payloads used by most ADCs in current clinical trials.
References：
- Best, R.L.; et al. Microtubule and tubulin binding and regulation of microtubule dynamics by the antibody drug conjugate (ADC) payload, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE): Mechanistic insights into MMAE ADC peripheral neuropathy. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2021, 421: 115534.
- Wllson, L.; et al.New Microtubule/Tubulin-Targeted Anticancer Drugs and Novel Chemotherapeutic Strategies. Journal of Chemotherapy, 2004,16(4): 83-85.
* Only for research. Not suitable for any diagnostic or therapeutic use.
