Name: Daunorubicin hydrochloride
Brand: BOC Sciences
Price: 439 USD
Availability: MadeToOrder

Synonyms

RP 13057 Hydrochloride; Daunomycin; RP13057 Hydrochloride; RP-13057 Hydrochloride; Rubidomycin hydrochloride

IUPAC Name

(7S,9S)-9-acetyl-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride

Canonical SMILES

CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C(C4=C(C(=C23)O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C=CC=C5OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O.Cl

InChI

InChI=1S/C27H29NO10.ClH/c1-10-22(30)14(28)7-17(37-10)38-16-9-27(35,11(2)29)8-13-19(16)26(34)21-20(24(13)32)23(31)12-5-4-6-15(36-3)18(12)25(21)33;/h4-6,10,14,16-17,22,30,32,34-35H,7-9,28H2,1-3H3;1H/t10-,14-,16-,17-,22+,27-;/m0./s1

InChIKey

GUGHGUXZJWAIAS-QQYBVWGSSA-N

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Melting Point

166-170°C (dec.)

Flash Point

419.5°C

PSA

185.84000

Vapor Pressure

6.99E-26mmHg at 25°C

Appearance

Red to Dark Red Solid

Quantity

Milligrams-Grams

Shelf Life

≥360 days if stored properly

Shipping

Room temperature

Storage

Store at -20°C

Pictograms

Health Hazard; Acute Toxic

Signal Word

Danger

Boiling Point

770°C at 760 mmHg

In Vitro

The mean IC50 value is 0.04 μM for Daunorubicin (Dnr) in Molt-4 cells. Daunorubicin belongs to the anthracyclines, a group of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. The cytotoxic effects of anthracyclines are caused by DNA intercalation and the ability to interfere with DNA transcription and replication by inhibiting Topoisomerase II as well as by producing reactive oxygen species Daunorubicin inhibits of both DNA and RNA syntheses in HeLa cells over a concentration range of 0.2 through 2 μM. The IC50 value is 0.4 μM for Daunorubicin (Dnr) in human pancreatic cell line L3.6.

NCT Number	Condition Or Disease	Phase	Start Date	Sponsor	Status
NCT01802333	Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Phase 3	2018-12-19	National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Completed
NCT00085124	Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities	Phase 3	2013-06-05	National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Completed
NCT00474006	ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA	Phase 3	2011-06-10	Cooperative Study Group A for Hematology	Completed
NCT01806571	Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Phase 2	2020-08-18	Mayo Clinic	Completed
NCT02971397	Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Phase 2	2018-11-02	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	Unknown Verified November 2018 by Wake Forest University Health Sciences. Recruitment status was Active, not recruiting

Daunorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic and a potent ADC cytotoxin used as an ADC payload in antibody-drug conjugates. Its cytotoxic mechanism involves intercalation into DNA, inhibition of topoisomerase II, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA strand breaks, replication arrest, and induction of apoptosis in proliferating tumor cells. The hydrochloride salt form enhances solubility and chemical stability, allowing efficient conjugation to monoclonal antibodies through cleavable or non-cleavable linker chemistries. This enables controlled intracellular delivery in targeted ADC applications.

In antibody-drug conjugates, Daunorubicin hydrochloride is covalently linked to antibodies using linker strategies designed to maintain stability in systemic circulation while enabling selective payload release inside target cells. The ADC remains inactive during circulation, reducing off-target cytotoxicity. Upon internalization via receptor-mediated endocytosis, enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the linker releases the active daunorubicin payload. The released compound intercalates into nuclear DNA, inhibits topoisomerase II activity, and induces apoptosis, providing site-specific cytotoxic activity in antigen-expressing tumor cells.

Applications of Daunorubicin hydrochloride include its integration into ADCs targeting hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma, as well as solid tumors expressing specific antigens. Its chemical compatibility with diverse linker systems allows optimization of conjugation efficiency, intracellular release kinetics, and pharmacokinetic behavior. Daunorubicin hydrochloride exhibits defined cytotoxic activity in target-expressing tumor cells and supports the development of ADCs with precise mechanisms of DNA damage and apoptosis induction, providing a controlled approach for tumor-targeted therapy in antibody-drug conjugate development.

1.Stability of [(N-pyrrolidine)metylene]daunorubicin in aqueous solutions

Anna Jeli ska, Justyna Uszak. React Kinet Catal Lett (2009) 98:69–75

The hydrolysis of [(N-Pyrrolidine)metylene]daunorubicin hydrochloride (PMD) involves: hydrolysis of protonated molecules of [(N-Pyrrolidine)metylene]daunorubicin hydrochloride (PMD) depending on hydrogen ions and spontaneous hydrolysis of zwitter, unprotonated and monoanions of [(N-Pyrrolidine)metylene]daunorubicin hydrochloride (PMD) under the inﬂuence of water. The components of phosphate, acetate and borate buffers do not demonstrate any catalytic effect. [(N-Pyrrolidine)metylene]daunorubicin hydrochloride (PMD) is the most stable at pH 2-4.

2.Administration of Chromium(III) and Manganese(II) as a Potential Protective Approach Against Daunorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: in vitro and in vivo Experimental Evidence

Yang Liu & Debin Wang. Biol Trace Elem Res (2013) 156:253–261

Daunorubicin hydrochloride for injection was supplied by Pfizer Italia S.r.1. Cardiac myosin, prepared and determined according to the protocols of our previous study, was diluted to 0.4 μM with 0.01M Tris–HCl buffer saline (pH 7.4) containing 0.6 M KCl. CrCl₃•6H₂O and MnCl₂•4H₂O were purchased from Chinese Medicine (Group) Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company. Other chemical reagents weremade in China and were of analytical grades, and ultrapure water was used throughout the studies.

HNMR

HPLC

Catalog	Product Name	CAS
BADC-01360	Daunorubicin citrate	1884557-85-0
BADC-00042	Daunorubicin	20830-81-3
BADC-00039	Doxorubicin	23214-92-8
BADC-00685	MCC-Modified Daunorubicinol	721945-30-8

What is Daunorubicin hydrochloride?

Daunorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline cytotoxin that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II. It is widely used as an ADC payload for targeted cancer therapy due to its potent DNA-damaging activity when delivered via antibody conjugates.

16/2/2020

Dear BOC Sciences, how does Daunorubicin hydrochloride contribute to ADC therapeutic effects?

Daunorubicin hydrochloride exerts cytotoxic effects selectively in target cells when conjugated to antibodies. This targeted delivery reduces systemic toxicity while maintaining strong DNA-damaging activity to induce apoptosis in tumor cells.

12/5/2018

Dear BOC Sciences, which linkers are suitable for Daunorubicin hydrochloride conjugation?

Daunorubicin hydrochloride can be conjugated via cleavable linkers, including hydrazone or peptide-based linkers. These linkers ensure stable circulation and controlled intracellular release, optimizing ADC stability and efficacy.

8/8/2019

Is Daunorubicin hydrochloride applicable in preclinical ADC studies?

Yes, it is extensively used in preclinical ADC research to study cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor efficacy. These studies inform ADC design and optimize therapeutic outcomes before clinical development.

25/9/2017

Dear BOC Sciences, what safety precautions should be followed for Daunorubicin hydrochloride?

Handling Daunorubicin hydrochloride requires strict laboratory safety, including PPE, fume hoods, and proper waste disposal, due to its potent DNA-damaging properties and potential systemic toxicity.

15/6/2019

— Dr. David Miller, Senior ADC Researcher (USA)

Daunorubicin hydrochloride from BOC Sciences exhibited outstanding purity, which was critical for our ADC conjugation studies.

8/8/2019

— Dr. John Miller, Principal Investigator (USA)

Daunorubicin hydrochloride from BOC Sciences maintained the highest level of purity across multiple deliveries.

15/6/2019

— Ms. Claudia Fischer, ADC Development Scientist (Germany)

The compound’s reproducibility in our ADC assays highlighted the reliability of BOC Sciences’ production.

25/9/2017

— Dr. Simon Turner, Research Manager (UK)

We were impressed with the comprehensive CoA and timely delivery of Daunorubicin hydrochloride.