1. Safety Assessment of Saccharide Esters as Used in Cosmetics
Ronald A Hill, Lillian J Gill, Laura N Scott, Daniel C Liebler, Paul W Snyder, James G Marks Jr, Thomas J Slaga, Curtis D Klaassen, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Ronald C Shank, Bart Heldreth Int J Toxicol . 2021 Oct;40(2_suppl):52S-116S. doi: 10.1177/10915818211016378.
This is a safety assessment of 40 saccharide ester ingredients as used in cosmetics. The saccharide esters are reported to function in cosmetics as emollients, skin-conditioning agents, fragrance ingredients, and emulsion stabilizers. The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the relevant data for these ingredients. The Panel concluded that the saccharide esters are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentrations described in this safety assessment.
2. Lactose esters: synthesis and biotechnological applications
Maciej Guzik, Ewelina Cichoń, Janusz M Dąbrowski, Jakub Staroń Crit Rev Biotechnol . 2018 Mar;38(2):245-258. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1332571.
Biodegradable nonionic sugar esters-based surfactants have been gaining more and more attention in recent years due to their chemical plasticity that enables the various applications of these molecules. In this review, various synthesis methods and biotechnological implications of lactose esters (LEs) uses are considered. Several chemical and enzymatic approaches are described for the synthesis of LEs, together with their applications, i.e. function in detergents formulation and as additives that not only stabilize food products but also protect food from undesired microbial contamination. Further, this article discusses medical applications of LEs in cancer treatment, especially their uses as biosensors, halogenated anticancer drugs, and photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy of cancer and photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms.
3. Fast-Acting Antibacterial, Self-Deactivating Polyionene Esters
Sylvia Trump, Franziska Oberhaus, Joerg C Tiller, Manfred Köller, Jens Wilken, Christian Krumm, Lena Benski ACS Appl Mater Interfaces . 2020 May 13;12(19):21201-21209. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b19313.
Biocidal compounds that quickly kill bacterial cells and are then deactivated in the surrounding without causing environmental problems are of great current interest. Here, we present new biodegradable antibacterial polymers based on polyionenes with inserted ester functions (PBI esters). The polymers are prepared by polycondensation reaction of 1,4-dibromobutene and different tertiary diaminodiesters. The resulting PBI esters are antibacterially active against a wide range of bacterial strains and were found to quickly kill these cells within 1 to 10 min. Because of hydrolysis of the ester groups, the PBI esters are degraded and deactivated in aqueous media. The degradation rate depends on the backbone structure and the pH. The structure of the polymers also controls the deactivation mechanism. While the more hydrophilic polymers require hydrolyses of only 19 to 30% of the ester groups to become practically inactive, the more hydrophobic PBI esters require up to 85% hydrolysis to achieve the same result. Thus, depending on the environmental conditions and the chemical nature, the PBI esters can be active for only 20 min or for at least one week.
