Name: mPEG3-CH2CH2COONHS ester
Brand: BOC Sciences
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Synonyms

Methyl-PEG4-NHS Ester; (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 3-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoate

IUPAC Name

(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 3-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoate

Canonical SMILES

COCCOCCOCCOCCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O

InChI

InChI=1S/C14H23NO8/c1-19-6-7-21-10-11-22-9-8-20-5-4-14(18)23-15-12(16)2-3-13(15)17/h2-11H2,1H3

InChIKey

MAYFFZZPEREGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Density

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

Appearance

Solid

Shipping

Room temperature, or blue ice upon request.

Storage

Pure form, -20°C, 3 years; In solvent, -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month

Boiling Point

431.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

mPEG3-CH2CH2COONHS ester, a versatile reagent, finds extensive utility in various biochemical applications, particularly in the realms of protein conjugation and surface modification. Here are four key applications of mPEG3-CH2CH2COONHS ester:

Protein Conjugation: Widely leveraged in bioconjugation, mPEG3-CH2CH2COONHS ester plays a pivotal role in attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to proteins and peptides. This crucial modification elevates the solubility and stability of proteins, often resulting in diminished immunogenicity and prolonged circulation within living organisms. Such enhancements are instrumental in the development of therapeutic proteins and peptides, enriching their pharmacokinetic profiles with valor.

Surface Modification: Instrumental in the realm of nanoparticles and biomaterials, mPEG3-CH2CH2COONHS ester is utilized for surface modification. By introducing PEG groups, this ester imparts hydrophilicity while fostering antifouling characteristics, thereby mitigating non-specific protein adsorption and cellular interactions. This application is paramount for bolstering the performance of medical devices, drug delivery systems, and biosensors.

Immobilization Techniques: In the field of biotechnology, mPEG3-CH2CH2COONHS ester serves as a crucial agent in immobilizing biomolecules onto solid platforms. This process lays the foundation for the development of cutting-edge biosensors and bioassays by furnishing a stable and functional stage for biological interactions. The activated ester group efficiently engages with amine-containing molecules, facilitating robust and specific attachments with finesse.

Hydrogel Formation: Embracing the synthesis of hydrogels, the versatile ester brings forth PEGylation to elevate the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the gel matrix. These hydrogels find applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, crafting an environment conducive to cell growth and tissue regeneration. The PEGylation process plays a crucial role in governing the hydrogel’s swelling behavior and degradation rate, tailoring its characteristics to meet specific biomedical requisites with precision.

1.Antibodies against polyethylene glycol in healthy subjects and in patients treated with PEG-conjugated agents

Garay RP, El-Gewely R, Armstrong JK, Garratty G, Richette P.

In contrast to the accepted general assumption that polyethylene glycol (PEG) is non-immunogenic and non-antigenic, animal studies clearly showed that uricase, ovalbumin and some other PEGylated agents can elicit antibody formation against PEG (anti-PEG). In humans, anti-PEG may limit therapeutic efficacy and/or reduce tolerance of PEG-asparaginase (PEG-ASNase) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and of pegloticase in patients with chronic gout, but did not impair hyposensitization of allergic patients with mPEG-modified ragweed extract or honeybee venom or the response to PEG-IFN in patients with hepatitis C. Of major importance is the recent finding of a 22 - 25% occurrence of anti-PEG in healthy blood donors, compared with a very low 0.2% occurrence two decades earlier. This increase may be due to an improvement of the limit of detection of antibodies during the years and to greater exposure to PEG and PEG-containing compounds in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and processed food products. These results raise obvious concerns regarding the efficacy of PEG-conjugated drugs for a subset of patients. To address these concerns, the immunogenicity and antigenicity of approved PEGylated compounds should be carefully examined in humans. With all these data in hand, patients should be pre-screened and monitored for anti-PEG prior to and throughout a course of treatment with a PEGylated compound. Finally, protein conjugates with the poorly immunogenic hydroxy-PEG sequence or other hydrophilic polymers are in early phases of development and may represent an alternative to immunogenic PEGylated proteins.

2.PEG-lipid micelles enable cholesterol efflux in Niemann-Pick Type C1 disease-based lysosomal storage disorder

Brown A, Patel S, Ward C, Lorenz A, Ortiz M, DuRoss A, Wieghardt F, Esch A, Otten EG, Heiser LM, Korolchuk VI, Sun C, Sarkar S, Sahay G.

2-Hydroxy-propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), a cholesterol scavenger, is currently undergoing Phase 2b/3 clinical trial for treatment of Niemann Pick Type C-1 (NPC1), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that stems from abnormal cholesterol accumulation in the endo/lysosomes. Unfortunately, the extremely high doses of HPβCD required to prevent progressive neurodegeneration exacerbates ototoxicity, pulmonary toxicity and autophagy-based cellular defects. We present unexpected evidence that a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lipid conjugate enables cholesterol clearance from endo/lysosomes of Npc1 mutant (Npc1(-/-)) cells. Herein, we show that distearyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-PEG (DSPE-PEG), which forms 12-nm micelles above the critical micelle concentration, accumulates heavily inside cholesterol-rich late endosomes in Npc1(-/-) cells. This potentially results in cholesterol solubilization and leakage from lysosomes. High-throughput screening revealed that DSPE-PEG, in combination with HPβCD, acts synergistically to efflux cholesterol without significantly aggravating autophagy defects. These well-known excipients can be used as admixtures to treat NPC1 disorder. Increasing PEG chain lengths from 350 Da-30 kDa in DSPE-PEG micelles, or increasing DSPE-PEG content in an array of liposomes packaged with HPβCD, improved cholesterol egress, while Pluronic block copolymers capable of micelle formation showed slight effects at high concentrations. We postulate that PEG-lipid based nanocarriers can serve as bioactive drug delivery systems for effective treatment of lysosomal storage disorders.

3.Selectivity of binding of PEGs and PEG-like oligomers to anti-PEG antibodies induced by methoxyPEG-proteins

Saifer MG, Williams LD, Sobczyk MA, Michaels SJ, Sherman MR.

The use of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) in PEG conjugates of proteins and non-protein therapeutic agents has led to the recognition that the polymer components of such conjugates can induce anti-PEG antibodies (anti-PEGs) that may accelerate the clearance and reduce the efficacy of the conjugates. Others have classified anti-PEGs as "methoxy-specific" or "backbone-specific". The results of our previous research on anti-PEGs in the sera of rabbits immunized with mPEG or hydroxyPEG (HO-PEG) conjugates of three unrelated proteins were consistent with that classification (Sherman, M.R., et al., 2012. Bioconjug. Chem. 23, 485-499). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed on rabbit antisera and rabbit monoclonal anti-PEGs with competitors including 10 kDa mPEG, 10 kDa PEG diol and six linear or cyclic oligomers of oxyethylene (CH2CH2O), with molecular weights of ca. 150-264 Da. Our results demonstrate that (1) the binding affinities of anti-mPEGs depend more on the backbone lengths of the polymers and the hydrophobicities of their end-groups than on their resemblance to the methoxy terminus of the immunogenic polymer; (2) anti-PEGs raised against HO-PEG-proteins are not directed against the terminal hydroxy group, but against the backbone; (3) rabbit anti-PEGs bind to and distinguish among PEG-like oligomers with as few as three oxyethylene groups; and (4) none of the monoclonal or polyclonal anti-PEGs was absolutely "methoxy-specific" or "backbone-specific", but displayed distinct relative selectivities. If these results are relevant to human immune responses, the clinical use of stable conjugates of HO-PEG with proteins and non-protein therapeutic agents would be expected to produce fewer and less intense immune responses than those induced by conjugates with mPEG or PEGs with larger alkoxy groups.